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What Is UDP (User Datagram Protocol)?

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a lightweight internet protocol that sends independent messages, called datagrams, without opening a connection and without resending lost data. It trades reliability for speed, which suits voice and video calls, online games, DNS and HTTP/3.

  • Session Control
  • High Speed
  • Privacy First
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how it works

How UDP works

UDP is one of the oldest internet protocols, defined in RFC 768 in 1980. Its header is just 8 bytes: source port, destination port, length and checksum. There is no handshake, no acknowledgement and no ordering; a datagram either arrives or it doesn't, and the application decides what to do about it.

That simplicity is the point. A video call would rather skip a lost frame than pause for a resend, and DNS can answer a lookup in a single datagram each way. QUIC, the transport under HTTP/3, runs over UDP and builds its own reliability and encryption on top.

  • TCP

    Connection
    Handshake before data
    Delivery
    Guaranteed, in order, lost data resent
    Header size
    20 bytes or more
    Typical uses
    Websites, APIs, email, file transfer
  • UDP

    This term
    Connection
    None: send immediately
    Delivery
    Best effort, no resends, no ordering
    Header size
    8 bytes
    Typical uses
    Calls, games, streaming, DNS, QUIC / HTTP/3
why it matters

Why UDP matters for proxy users

Most proxies do not carry UDP at all. HTTP proxies and CONNECT tunnels only relay TCP. The SOCKS5 standard defines a UDP ASSOCIATE command, but support for it varies widely between providers and apps.

CleanProxies proxies are built for TCP traffic: HTTP(S) on every product and SOCKS5 on static ISP proxies. Do not plan on UDP through them.

UDP: what it means for you
  • Browsers fall back from HTTP/3 to HTTP/2 over TCP when they use an HTTP proxy, so websites still work normally.
  • WebRTC, which powers in-browser calls, gathers candidates over UDP outside the proxy and can expose your IP; run a WebRTC leak test.
  • Games, voice apps and some VPN protocols need UDP; a TCP-only proxy will not route them.
  • DNS over UDP from your own machine bypasses the proxy unless the proxy resolves names for you; see DNS leaks.

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Guides from the blog

Setup guides and best practices from the CleanProxies blog.

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Related terms

Terms that come up alongside UDP.

All glossary terms

UDP FAQs

Straight answers about UDP.

User Datagram Protocol. It sends independent datagrams between programs without a connection or delivery guarantees.

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